Marketed as quick sources of energy and performance enhancers, energy drinks have become increasingly popular among adolescents, particularly young athletes.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 30 to 50 percent of children report consuming energy drinks, and some studies report that one-third of teens, ages 12 to 17, consume the beverages regularly.  While these products may offer a short-term energy spike, the health risks associated with the drinks significantly outweighs any perceived benefit, especially to children and teens whose bodies are still developing.

In most energy drinks, the extra burst of stamina comes primarily from copious amounts of caffeine, a powerful stimulant that increases alertness and temporarily boosts energy.  In adults, caffeine consumption is generally safe in moderate amounts; however, for young athletes, the effects can be much more pronounced.  For children under 12, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against caffeine consumption, and recommends no more than 100 milligrams per day for youth ages 12 to 18.  Most energy drinks contain 100 to 200 milligrams of caffeine per serving.

High levels of caffeine can lead to dehydration, which is particularly dangerous during physical activity.  Dehydration impairs the body’s ability to regulate temperature, increases the risk of heat-related illnesses, and can hinder athletic performance.  Dehydration can also stress the heart and cause issues for the immature cardiovascular systems of adolescents.  The large amounts of caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants, such as taurine and guarana, found in energy drinks can cause a rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure.  In children and teens, these sudden increases can lead to irregular heart rhythms, such as arrhythmias, palpitations, and in some cases sudden cardiac arrest.  When combined with other activities that naturally increase the heart rate, such as exercise or athletics, the effects of energy drinks on the heart can be exacerbated.  

Energy drinks also have the potential to cause anxiety, nervousness, and difficulty sleeping.  Young athletes who consume these beverages, especially before a game or practice, may experience restlessness from the increased heart rate, which can impair their focus and performance.  The stimulant effect can also interfere with sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and mental fog.  Sleep is also essential for recovery after physical activity.  Inadequate rest can impede muscle repair and growth, ultimately affecting athletic progress.
 
In addition to caffeine, many energy drinks contain exorbitant amounts of sugar.  The high sugar content leads to quick energy spikes, followed by rapid crashes that can leave children feeling fatigued and sluggish.  Over time, excessive sugar intake can contribute to weight gain, poor dental health, and an increased risk of developing metabolic issues such as insulin resistance.  Additionally, the regular consumption of energy drinks at a young age can establish poor habits related to nutrition.  Rather than focusing on proper hydration through water or consuming nutrient-dense foods for fuel, children may become reliant on caffeine and sugar for a quick boost, neglecting healthier, more sustainable habits.

Hydration through water, proper nutrition, and adequate rest are vastly better options for maintaining peak performance.  Energy drinks should not be part of a child’s diet or a young athlete’s routine.  The potential health consequences, ranging from poor sleep to heart issues, pose a serious threat to not only their success in sports but also their overall growth and development.  Encouraging children and young athletes to adopt healthier habits will help them perform at their best and promote long-term well-being.